The surgical management of atlantoaxial instability remains one of the most challenging and delicate procedures in spinal surgery. Instability between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) is often associated ...

Differences in numbers of vertebrae are most extreme in mammals which do not rely on running and leaping, such as those adapted to suspensory locomotion like apes and sloths, a team of anthropologists ...

Degenerative cervical spondylosis is a chronic, progressive deterioration of osseocartilaginous components of the cervical spine that is most often related to aging. Radiographic evidence of ...

Cervical radiculopathy is a condition caused by a pinched nerve in your neck. It happens when your cervical spinal cord or nerve roots arising from it become compressed by the cervical vertebrae. Your ...

Some types of neck surgery include cervical discectomy, cervical fusion, cervical disc replacement, and laminectomy. These procedures address a variety of conditions affecting the top part of the ...

There can be many causes of back pain including accidents, strains, and injuries. Two types of back injury are spondylolisthesis and cervical radiculopathy. Both have their own set of symptoms, causes ...